Shore protection by offshore breakwaters

This report reviews the information available for the design and use of offshore breakwaters in shore protection. As an introduction to the subject the physical processes occurring in the lee of an offshore breakwater are described with reference to natural examples. This is followed by a survey of case histories, and mathematical and physical modelling techniques for offshore breakwaters. Some of the methods which are available for the design of a breakwater system are reviewed. Possible future developments in the design process are described, and the areas in which further research on the effects of offshore breakwaters is required are highlighted.