Groynes and training works affecting river planform - a literature review (SR 229)

Engineers try to control the flow conditions, bed levels and planform of rivers using a range of structures collectively known as river training works. Groynes are structures which are used for a variety of river training purposes. This report reviews published information on the physical response of rivers to the construction of training works in general groynes in particular. It also includes a review of information on general design parameters for groynes such as spacing, orientation, plan shape etc.