Numerical modelling of fish in response to underwater noise

Water is an excellent medium for sound transmission, which leads to concern about anthropogenic noise impacts on sensitive species. Models now exist that can predict a soundscape, taking into account hydrodynamic features, such as stratification, and seabed properties. A key challenge is to predict ecological responses, particularly to inform
environmental impact assessments, prior to new marine developments. Individual and Agent Based Models (I/ABMs) provide an opportunity to assist in this ecological response prediction.